| MUSCICAPINAE cont. | ||||||||
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SCIENTIFIC & ENGLISH |
CHINESE |
JAPANESE |
VIETNAMESE |
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Latin |
English |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Japanese |
Other J |
Vietnamese |
Other V |
| Eumyias | ||||||||
| Eumyias thalassinus Eumyias thalassina Muscicapa thalassina |
Asian verditer flycatcher Verditer flycatcher Indian verditer flycatcher Verditer blue flycatcher (Cheng) |
铜蓝鹟 'copper blue flycatcher' |
銅藍鶲 'copper blue flycatcher' |
ロクショウビタキ (緑青鶲) rokushō-bitaki 'verdigris flycatcher' |
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| Cyornis | ||||||||
| Cyornis hainanus Niltava hainana Muscicapella hainana  |
Hainan blue flycatcher Hainan blue-flycatcher Grant's niltava Hainan niltava (Cheng) Grant's flycatcher |
海南蓝仙鹟 'Hainan blue fairy flycatcher' |
海南蓝鹟 'Hainan blue flycatcher' (6, 7) |
ハイナンアオヒタキ (海南青鶲) Hainan ao-hitaki 'Hainan blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi Hải Nam 'Hainan fly-catcher' |
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| Cyornis unicolor Niltava unicolor |
Pale blue flycatcher Pale blue-flycatcher Pale flycatcher Pale niltava (Cheng) |
纯蓝仙鹟 'pure blue fairy flycatcher' |
纯蓝鹟 'pure blue flycatcher' (6, 7) |
ウスアオヒタキ (薄青鶲) usu ao-hitaki 'light blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi xanh nhạt 'pale blue fly-catcher' |
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| Cyornis poliogenys Niltava poliogenys Muscicapella poliogenys |
Pale-chinned blue flycatcher Pale-chinned flycatcher Brook's niltava Pale-chinned niltava (Cheng) |
灰颊仙鹟 'grey-cheeked fairy flycatcher' (2, 3) 淡颊仙鹟 'pale-cheeked fairy flycatcher' (4) 淡颏仙鹟 'pale-chinned fairy flycatcher' (1, 5) |
メスガタアオヒタキ (??青鶲) mesu-gata ao-hitaki 'female-form?? blue flycatcher' |
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| Cyornis banyumas Niltava banyumas |
Hill blue flycatcher Hill blue-flycatcher Hill niltava (Cheng) Hill blue niltava |
山蓝仙鹟 'mountain blue fairy flycatcher' |
山蓝鹟 'mountain blue flycatcher' (6, 7) |
ミヤマアオヒタキ (深山青鶲) miyama ao-hitaki 'deep-mountain blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi họng hung 'reddish-throated fly-catcher'  Note |
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| Cyornis tickelliae Niltava tickelliae |
Tickell's blue flycatcher Tickell's blue-flycatcher Tickell's flycatcher Tickell's niltava |
梯氏仙鹟 'Mr Ti's fairy flycatcher' (4) 梯克氏仙鹟 'Mr Ti-ke's fairy flycatcher' (5) |
ノドアカアオヒタキ (喉赤青鶲) nodo-aka ao-hitaki 'red-throated blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi họng vàng 'golden-throated fly-catcher' |
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| Cyornis rubeculoides Niltava rubeculoides Muscicapella rubeculoides |
Blue-throated blue flycatcher Blue-throated flycatcher Blue-throated niltava (Cheng) |
蓝喉仙鹟 'blue-throated fairy flycatcher' |
蓝喉鹟 'blue-throated flycatcher' (6, 7) |
ムネアカアオヒタキ (胸赤青鶲) mune-aka ao-hitaki 'red-breasted blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi cằm xanh 'blue-chinned fly-catcher' |
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| Cyornis turcosus Niltava turcosa |
Malaysian blue flycatcher Malaysian blue-flycatcher Malaysian flycatcher Malaysian niltava |
马来仙鹟 'Malayan fairy flycatcher' |
マレーシヤアオヒタキ (マレーシヤ青鶲) Marēsha ao-hitaki 'Malaysian blue flycatcher' |
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| Cyornis rufigastra Niltava rufigastra |
Mangrove blue flycatcher Mangrove blue-flycatcher Mangrove flycatcher |
红树仙鹟 'mangrove fairy flycatcher' |
マングローブアオヒタキ (マングローブ青鶲) mangurōbu ao-hitaki 'mangrove blue flycatcher' |
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| Cyornis concretus Niltava concreta |
White-tailed blue flycatcher White-tailed flycatcher White-tailed niltava (Cheng) |
白尾蓝仙鹟 'white-tailed blue fairy flycatcher' |
オジロアオヒタキ (尾白青鶲) o-jiro ao-hitaki 'white-tailed blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi trắng 'white fly-catcher' |
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| Niltava | ||||||||
| Niltava davidi Muscicapella davidi |
Fujian niltava (Cheng) Fukien niltava David's niltava |
棕腹大仙鹟 'reddish-brown-bellied large fairy flycatcher' |
フウチェンアオヒタキ (福建青鶲) Fūchen ao-hitaki 'Fujian blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi cằm đen 'black-chinned fly-catcher' |
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| Niltava sundara Muscicapella sundara |
Rufous-bellied niltava | 棕腹仙鹟 'reddish-brown-bellied fairy flycatcher' |
コチャバラアオヒタキ (小茶腹青鶲) ko cha-bara ao-hitaki 'small brown-bellied blue flycatcher' |
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| Niltava sumatrana |
Rufous-vented niltava Sumatran niltava |
苏门答腊仙鹟 'Sumatran fairy flycatcher' (4) |
スマトラアオヒタキ (スマトラ青鶲) Sumatora ao-hitaki 'Sumatran blue flycatcher' |
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| Niltava vivida Muscicapella vivida |
Vivid niltava (Cheng) Rufous-bellied blue flycatcher |
棕腹蓝仙鹟 'reddish-brown-bellied blue fairy flycatcher' |
黃腹琉璃 'yellow-bellied lapis lazuli' |
チャバラアオヒタキ (茶腹青鶲) cha-bara ao-hitaki 'brown-bellied blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi họng hung 'reddish-throated fly-catcher' Note |
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| Niltava grandis |
Large niltava | 大仙鹟 'large fairy flycatcher' |
オオアオヒタキ (大青鶲) ō ao-hitaki 'large blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi lớn 'large fly-catcher' |
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| Niltava macgregoriae Niltava macgrigoriae Muscicapella macgrigoriae |
Small niltava | 小仙鹟 'small fairy flycatcher' |
ヒメアオヒタキ (姫青鶲) hime ao-hitaki 'princess blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi trán đen 'black-browed fly-catcher' |
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Latin |
English |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Japanese |
Other J |
Vietnamese |
Other V |
| Muscicapella | ||||||||
| Muscicapella hodgsoni Niltava hodgsonii |
Pygmy blue flycatcher Pygmy blue-flycatcher Pigmy niltava (Cheng) |
侏蓝仙鹟 'pigmy blue fairy flycatcher' |
コビトアオヒタキ (小人青鶲) kobito ao-hitaki 'dwarf blue flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi xanh Pigmi 'Pigmi blue fly-catcher' |
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| Culicicapa | ||||||||
| Culicicapa ceylonensis |
Grey-headed canary-flycatcher Grey-headed canary flycatcher Grey-headed flycatcher (Cheng) |
方尾鹟 'square-tailed flycatcher' |
方尾鶲 'square-tailed flycatcher' |
ハイムネヒタキ (灰胸鶲) hai-mune hitaki 'ash-breasted flycatcher' |
Đớp ruồi đầu xám 'grey-headed fly-catcher' |
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3. Notes
1. The Chinese names for the Muscicapidae have essentially been 'manufactured' to follow the scientific nomenclature. While the raw materials are Chinese, the system is a totally new, in many ways artificial, creation.
(1) The character 鸲 , officially used for the robins in both Taiwan and China, did not refer to robins in traditional Chinese sources. In fact, it didn't stand alone as a bird's name, forming part of the word 鸲鹆 meaning 'myna'.
How, then, did it come to be applied to the robins? The answer may lie in Japanese. The Japanese names of the robins are based on the word 駒 meaning 'horse' or 'pony' (the left half of the character is, in fact, the character for 'horse'). The call of Erithacus akahige is said to resemble a horse's whinnying. These Japanese names already existed in the 19th century -- the scientific names Erithacus komadori is based on them (although Temminck got akahige and komadori mixed up!)
At some stage in the late 19th/early 20th centuries, many Japanese bird names were borrowed by the Chinese in their written form. Did the Chinese feel compelled to find a more suitable character than 'horse' to describe the robins? Given that the character 鸲 already existed, swapping the 'bird' radical for the 'horse' radical - - i.e., changing 駒 into 鸲 -- would have made a lot of sense.
While this explanation may sound far-fetched, the Taiwanese names for the robins show a clear link, e.g., Luscinia calliope is referred to as the 'field robin' in both Japan and Taiwan, the only difference being the use of 駒 in Japanese and 鸲 in Chinese.
At any rate, this innovation resulted in the expansion of the meaning of 鸲 to refer to a class of birds that it did not previously cover.
(2) The character used on the Mainland for the stonechats, bushchats, and wheatears, 䳭, is also a modern innovation. Traditionally, this was the first character in , the Chinese name for Motacilla (wagtails), now usually written 鹡鸰. It's not clear why this was chosen for the chats and wheatears. (In Taiwan the chats are referred to as 鸲 ).
Among the wheatears, Oenanthe oenanthe is called the 穗䳭 or 'grain-ear chat' in Chinese, curiously similar to English 'wheatear'. If Chinese is modelled on the English, as it seems at first glance, it is a rather misplaced borrowing. The wheatear in English was originally named not for its resemblance to a grain of wheat but for its white rump or 'white arse', which was later modified into 'wheatear' for obvious reasons.
3. Mainland ornithologists have systematised the names of the Muscicapini and Saxolini as follows (in some cases upset by new developments in the scientific classification):
Muscicapinae:
| Muscicapa: | 鹟 |
'flycatcher' |
| Ficedula: | 姬鹟 or 鹟 |
'lady flycatcher' or 'flycatcher' |
| Niltava: | 仙鹟 |
'fairy/holy/hermit flycatcher' |
Saxolinae:
| Erithaca/Luscinia: | 歌鸲 |
'song robin' |
| Tarsiger: | 林鸲 |
'forest/bush robin' |
| Phoenicurus : | 红尾鸲 |
'red-tailed robin' |
| Cinclidium : | 地鸲 |
'ground robin' |
| Enicurus : | 燕尾 |
'swallow tail' |
| Cochoa : | 宽嘴鸫 |
'broad-billed thrush' |
| Oenanthe : | 䳭 | 'chat' |
| Saxicola : | 石䳭 林䳭 |
'stone chat' 'forest chat' |
3. The Japanese names of the Muscicapinae hail from an earlier era. Unlike the Chinese names, they are not heavily systematised, particularly if exotic species are disregarded. Of course, the total number of species native to Japan is only 23, much less than the nearly 90 species found in China.
Note the variation between the forms ヒタキ hitaki and ビタキ bitaki. Bitaki is used only in compound words, while hitaki can be used both in compound words and on its own. There are cases where either hitaki or bitaki might be expected, and in fact there is some variation in usage.
5. The Vietnamese names are also heavily systematised. However, the number of distinctions is less than in Chinese and the system is accordingly less forced. (For details, see General Names).
